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For years, the name of my grandfather, Petr Badmaeva, a prominent scientist, the founder of the medical science of Tibet in the European part of Russia, a researcher of the East, the first translator into Russian of the fundamental work "Zhud - Shi" - the main guide to Tibetan medicine, was undeservedly forgotten and, moreover, deliberately hushed up.
He was blamed for the fact that he, as a well-known healer of his time, treated members of the royal family, had a general's rank, etc. The wife of P. A. Badmaeva, my grandmother EF Badmaeva, tried to restore justice in relation to her husband. Back in 1950 - e years, she turned to the Ministry of Health with a proposal to transfer the archives of P. Badmayev, his works, revealing the system of medical science in Tibet, for publication. She passed away in 1954, without waiting for an answer.
In 1960 - my mom, the younger daughter P.A. Badmaeva, a doctor, Aida Petrovna Guseva (for her husband) also applied to the Ministry of Health and the Academy of Medical Sciences with a proposal to publish her father’s works, the answer was very uncertain. The major specialist in the field of medicinal plants, doctor of pharmaceutical sciences, professor A.F. Gameman, however, she reported that P. A. Guseva had carried out significant work to systematize the work of her father. However, these appeals remained unanswered.
But times have changed. In 1978. - the first swallow: the Mongolian Academy of Sciences publishes the collection "Medicinal Plants", and two names are mentioned among the primary sources - P.A. Badmaev as the translator of "Zhud-Shi" and A.P. Guseva as the author of a number of articles on Tibetan medicine published in "Scientific Notes of the Leningrad Chemical-Pharmaceutical Institute. This book was published in Russian, although in a small circulation, -1000 copies.
In December 1987. I was invited to a meeting of the Scientific Society for the History of Medicine, dedicated to the topic: "Tibetan Medicine in St. Petersburg, Petrograd, Leningrad" Speaker, candidate of biological sciences, author of a number of works on the history of medicine TI Grekova devoted the main part of her report to the Badmaevs. Many kind words were said at this meeting about Pyotr Alexandrovich. For the first time from a high scientific tribune, I heard: "The outstanding services of Pyotr Aleksandrovich Badmaev were hushed up for a long time because of his general rank, proximity to the court, and also because of his alleged friendship with Rasputin. However, the documents found indicate attempts by P. A. Badmaev to expose the all-powerful elder. These attempts, like many others, were unsuccessful, but they testify to the position of the scientist. "
This meeting was reported in the Vecherny Leningrad newspaper. ”Then a large article“ Badmaevs - legends and profits ”with a portrait of his grandfather was published in the Sunday supplement to the newspaper“ Izvestia ”-“ The Week. ”The staff of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Professor I. B. Pogozhev and senior Researcher E. Yu. Kushnirenko, with the permission of his relatives, made an inventory of PADbadmaev's archive.After that, I received a letter from the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Academician GI Marchuk and the Director of the Institute of Radiation Medicine of the BSSR, Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, VA Matyukhin. They described P. A. Badmaev as a major yshego expert on Tibetan medicine and offered to publish his works.
I started working with the PA Badmaev archive back in 1975, immediately after the death of the mother, fulfilling her covenant. In the 11 number of the New World magazine for 1989. The documentary novel “My grandfather Zhamsaran Badmaev” prepared by me was published with a preface by the editorial board, in which they referred to the current relevance of the works of P. A. Badmaev and were evaluated by academician V. A. Matyukhin.
Central television became interested in the figure of his grandfather, devoting a half-hour program to him. It took place on 25 on March 1990, and on 25 on April 1990. "Medical newspaper" has published a great interview with me.
My grandfather by birth, a Mongol, was a teenager to herd sheep in the Aginskaya steppe of Transbaikalia. Zhamsaran called him, he was the youngest, the seventh son of Zasogol Batma, a middle-scale herder. They lived in a six-wall yurt and wandered along the Agin steppe. It happened in peaceful times of the middle of the last century. The Batma family was known in Aga, and indeed in the whole of Transbaikalia.
Among the Mongols, Buryats decided to know their ancestors to the eleventh generation. This tradition is passed from generation to generation. His kind Zasogol Batma led from Dobo Margen, the very one that was the father of Genghis - Khan. Mongolian Batma lotus flower - that was the name of the beloved daughter of Genghis - Han. But the Batma family was also known for the fact that the eldest of the brothers - Sultim was emchi - lama (Tibetan doctor) of the Steppe Duma and became famous for his art of healing according to the system of medical science of Tibet. His fame spread beyond Aga.
When a typhus epidemic broke out in Transbaikalia, the Russian authorities turned to Tibetan doctors for help. Sultim joined the fight against the typhoid epidemic with his assistants. The successful results of the treatment surprised the governor of Eastern Siberia, Count Muravyov-Amursky, a progressive figure of that time. On the recommendation of Sultim, they invited him to St. Petersburg and gave him a test at the Nikolaevsky military hospital, instructing him to treat the most hopeless patients, including those suffering from hillopecia and cancer, with his own means. And here is a document on the results: "The results of A. A. Badmaev’s doctoring * are certified by the fact that, by the Highest order, the Medical Department of the Military Ministry 16 in January 1862 of the year No. XXUMX notified Badmaev that he was awarded the rank of military uniform and in official respect the rights conferred on military doctors. "
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Badmaev opened a pharmacy of medicinal herbs in St. Petersburg and began his private practice. Even before leaving for St. Petersburg, he petitioned the provincial authorities that his younger brother Zamsaran be accepted into the Irkutsk Russian classical gymnasium, and this request was respected. Zhamsaran finished high school with a gold medal. The elder brother did not accidentally single out Zhamsaran from the rest of the brothers: he considered him the most capable. Now he asked his parents to let Zhamsaran go to Petersburg - he needed an assistant, and later a successor.
Zhamsaran had a quick, inquisitive mind, an instant reaction; moreover, he came to Petersburg young, having a gymnasium education. He soon adapted to the new environment, entered the Oriental Faculty of St. Petersburg University. At the same time he began attending lectures at the Medical - Surgical Academy as an auditor with the right to take exams. Zhamsaran was an extremely energetic, sociable young man, he succeeded everywhere, and in the evenings he took over the secrets of the medical science of Tibet from his elder brother. And this charge of indomitable energy, God's gift, he carried through his entire life. And at 60 he will work 16 hours a day, and at 70! However, he built his working day wisely: he developed the habit of falling asleep for seven to ten minutes after three to four hours of work. Because of this, his mind was always fresh and receptive.
He passed exams at the Academy in absentia and received the right to heal. But, having a stock of knowledge of European medicine, he decided to devote himself to Tibetan medicine. Following the example of his brother, he was baptized and took the name Peter in honor of his idol Peter the Great; patronymic by the name of the emperor. His heir became his godfather - the crown prince, the future emperor Alexander III, in one of the letters from his grandfather to Nicholas II there is a direct reference to this.
After graduation, Peter was offered the position of an official of 8 - a class in the Asian department of the Foreign Ministry of the Russian Empire. He accepted the position. She was associated with trips to China, Mongolia, Tibet, which corresponded to his plans: to obtain the original manuscripts of the book "Zhud - Shi" - the main guide to the study of medical science in Tibet. According to the elder brother, the manuscript was a long manuscript, which should not have been read from left to right, but from top to bottom.
Unfortunately, Brother Alexander died early, in 1873. Both the pharmacy and the patients went to Peter. This period in the life of his grandfather is little known. He traveled with orders from his department to China and Mongolia, met with emchi-lamas — experts in the medical science of Tibet, and sought to learn from them as much as possible. The name of Batma and belonging to one of the branches of the genus Chingiz - Khan opened all the doors for him.
During these trips, Pyotr Aleksandrovich, naturally, gets acquainted with the events taking place in the countries of the East. Having visited China, he came to the conclusion that the Manchu dynasty ruling there should soon fall (this forecast of his later confirmed). Further, he thinks that Tibet is the key to Asia from India, and if the British take possession of Tibet, then through Kukunor, Alashan and Mongolia will have an impact, on the one hand, on our Turkestan, and on the other - on Manchuria and will bring against Russia the whole Buddhist world. These and many other thoughts he outlined in a note on Russian politics in the East. There are many proposals, including on the transformation of the Amur region. This note is dated 1893, and it was already signed by the council counselor P. Badmaev. On the note, the benevolent resolution of Alexander III: "Everything is so new, original, that it is hard to believe in the possibility of implementation ..."
Soon, Petr Aleksandrovich Badmaev received the rank of general as an actual state councilor. After the death of Alexander III in 1894, his grandfather retired and devoted himself exclusively to Tibetan medicine. How is his personal life, fate? Back in 1877, he married a noblewoman, Nadezhda Vasilyeva. Private practice, which he interrupted, brought him significant income. He found in the city, standing in a swamp, almost the only dry high place - Poklonnaya Gora in the Udelnaya area, bought out a plot there, and back in 1880, according to the project of the architect Lebourde, built a two-story stone house with an eastern turret.
In St. Petersburg, P. A. Badmaev is already widely known as a doctor. This is evidenced by an article about him, placed in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron, published in 1891. In the fourth volume on the Badmayev it is said: "Badmaevs are two brothers, Buryats, Alexander Alexandrovich Badmayev was a lecturer in the Kalmyk language of St. Petersburg University in 60 - ; Petr Aleksandrovich Badmaev - the younger brother and the pupil of the previous one, was born in 1849, studied ... at the Medical and Surgical Academy and received the right to practice medicine. He treats all illnesses with some special powders, as well as herbs, despite ridicule of doctors; a huge number of patients flow to Badmaev. " If the encyclopedia came out in 1890 - s, then it was compiled in 1880's.
Of course, the success of the business gave rise to the envy of colleagues, but there were ideological, so to speak, opponents of Tibetan medicine: what kind of science that heals with herbs, rejects the methods of traditional European medicine ?! I think that the service of Pyotr Aleksandrovich in the Asian department had that logic to get the ranks and to have a strong position with them: it was easy to sweep away a simple non-Russian and even to condemn, accusing him of charlatanry. And with "Your Excellency" is not very joking. Therefore, the opponents of his grandfather did not blame him, but Tibetan medicine, denying it as a science.
The grandfather responded to these attacks with a sharp polemical brochure entitled “The response to the unsubstantiated attacks of members of the Medical Council on the medical science of Tibet” (published in two editions: in 1903 and 1915). In it, he, in particular, writes: “I have recovered tens of thousands of patients with boro disease. These patients came to me with different diagnoses of European doctors: who determined the catarrh of the stomach, another stomach ulcer, stones in the liver, tuberculosis. All these patients completely cured. The method of researching the disease, determining the disease and treating it according to the system of medical science in Tibet ... stands on strictly scientific grounds. "
In turn, he asked his opponents "how to explain that in St. Petersburg, in the center of Russian civilization, where European scientists hold the banner of their science so high, Tibetan medicine has attracted the gaze of the suffering and has become the center of everyone's attention? Why are working working people, having gratuitous treatment ... fills the waiting room of the medical science of Tibet, every day in hundreds waiting in line for two, three hours, paying the last ruble of labor ... why? Why the rich also wait their turn and pay 5,10, 25 rubles, while they, sitting at home, could invite any celebrity to their place - why? "
Here it is necessary to clarify regarding the treatment fee. These amounts are quite significant for those times. But the medicines were expensive for him: most of the components of the medicine - herbs, fruits of trees - had to be transported from Buryatia, Mongolia. He took little from the poor. According to my grandmother's testimony, my grandfather, sometimes seeing a poorly dressed man who came to see him, told him: "Hide your money, then, then, ...", and he gave medicines for free. And the millionaire Mantashev left at least 25 rubles in gold for a visit to the doctor.
In the preface to his “Answer”, Badmaev writes: “I answer the members of the Medical Council only in the name of science and ideas. I consider it my duty to convey a truly holy heritage to the world.”
But my grandfather found supporters in academic circles of European medicine. In the newspaper "Medicine" №1 for 1899g. Dean of the Medical Faculty of Yurievsky University, Professor, later Academician S. M. Vasilyev published a very benevolent article: "On the system of medical science in Tibet P. A. Badmaeva." In it, he traces the historical connection of Tibetan medicine with European medicine and gives an excellent review of the book "Zhud - Shi" in the translation of P. A. Badmaev.
At the beginning of 1900, Elizaveta Fedorovna Yuzbasheva, the eldest daughter of the headquarters - captain of the Caucasian corps of the Russian army, became secretary and assistant of P. A. Badmayev. Since 1903, Yelizoveta Fedorovna has already headed the pharmacy of Tibetan medicinal herbs on the Badmayev estate on Poklonnaya Hill.
In 1905, G.E.F. Yuzbasheva became his wife. (For details on EF Yuzbasheva-Badmaeva, see: New World, 1989, # XXUMX.)
Elizaveta Fyodorovna managed to become an irreplaceable assistant to Pyotr Alexandrovich: she edited his books, studied for memory the composition of the 300 numbers of drugs produced in the pharmacy by P. A. Badmaeva. In his absence, she independently conducted a reception - and this, too, was recorded in a will, in which he appointed Elizabeth Fyodorovna to be the manager of her property.
Badmaev and Tibetan medicine
As a doctor, Badmaev had no equal. In the treatment of a patient, perhaps the most important thing is to make a correct diagnosis. According to my grandmother’s testimony, grandfather met someone who came to see him and started to express his complaints with the phrase: “Wait! First, I will try to determine what you are suffering, and if I make a mistake, correct me ...”, and Immediately, peering into the patient’s face and listening to his pulse, he began to say what the patient was suffering with. He was amazed at the accuracy of the diagnosis and already unconditionally began to believe in the doctor (and faith in the doctor and unconditional obedience to him is one of the requirements of the medical science of Tibet). How did Badmaev define the diagnosis without having the data of medical research in his hands - a blood test, urine, etc.?
The main thing, of course, is experience and medical intuition. These are personal qualities of a doctor. But there are also objective data: skin color, voice (very important!), Finally a pulse (there are hundreds of shades of pulse that can be understood by a doctor). In the medical science of Tibet there is even the term "pulse diagnosis". If this data does not give more pictures, then the Tibetan doctor proceeds to systematic questioning of the patient. But again, it does not ask what hurts you; asks, for example, what is your feeling after eating, what taste in your mouth, etc. Petr Aleksandrovich sometimes spent a lot of time on one patient, but, as a rule, he instantly diagnosed. He was considered the largest diagnostician.
It is noteworthy that this ability - the ability to accurately diagnose - was transmitted to his daughter Aida Petrovna Guseva. She was a surgeon and worked at the district clinic. Glory diagnostician came to her gradually. They began to send patients from Gorzdrav to a consultation. There was a case when the patient wrote a complaint, "Dr. Guseva diagnosed" by eye ", without sending me to the study." The patient was taken to the clinic. Held there for three weeks. Conducted all the research and released with the same diagnosis. True suspicious patient came to Guseva and apologized.
Given that European and Tibetan medicine have one goal - to help the suffering person, the methods of treatment and diagnosis of them are different.
The traditional diagnostic method is when a doctor examines a patient, listens, feels, sends for tests, x-rays, etc. As a result, he makes a diagnosis. The second method, which the medical science of Tibet prefers (without denying the first!), Consists in the method of questioning the patient about his feelings after eating, mood, inclinations, and also in the use of pulse diagnostics. And if a European doctor can only state, say, an inflammation of appendicitis or an enlarged liver, and finally, the appearance of a tumor, then a Tibetan doctor can predict the appearance of this disease in a year, or even two, and thus prevent it with his advice and medicines.
For an experienced, talented doctor, I repeat, it is enough to look at the patient in order to make a diagnosis by skin color, eye expression, voice, and pulsation.
Tibetan medicine They differ in that they do not have contraindications and does not cause any side effects. They completely eliminate the use of chemicals. It is composed mainly of grass growing in the Aga steppes of Mongolia, Tibet, and the fruits of the trees and minerals. The purpose of these drugs is not to kill any - that harmful germs and to help the body to overcome them. Medications can be an apple and a glass of clean water. PA Badmaev believed that medicine itself is the space surrounding us, as long as our body needs it.
As his fame grew, Badmayev was invited to the palace, usually to one of the great princesses, the daughters of the king. Sometimes, during a visit to the doctor, Emperor Nicholas II appeared, whom Peter Alexandrovich knew at a young age. Therefore, he considered it possible to contact him with letters. In particular, he complained to the tsar about the oppression of the Buryats under the Minister of Internal Affairs Plehv, who forbade them to lead a nomadic lifestyle. Grandfather, however, defended the right of the Buryats to roam the Aginskaya steppe, although Plehve threatened to send him to Arkhangelsk. According to the testimony of Badmaev's secretary E. I. Vishnevsky, Pyotr Alexandrovich, in response to this threat, sent a letter to the minister, which was the phrase: "As for Arkhangelsk, I will go there only with you." Badmaev, he was a very brave person.
In 1925, the book "Behind the Scenes of Tsarism" was published with the subtitle "Archive of the Tibetan Doctor Badmaev." There is his letter to the tsar both about bribes and with reproaches, including for Russia's defeat in the Russian-Japanese war. Grandfather was always on the side of the persecuted. And when his privileged class in the 1917 revolution became persecuted, he did not join the winners, the Bolsheviks, but remained true to his monarchical views and did not seem to hide it, for which he suffered: he was arrested several times and put in prison. In those hard times, the monarchist, and even the former general, could have been shot. But every time he was rescued by patients, among whom were Bolsheviks, members of the RSDLP from the day the party was founded. There is a case when he was released from prison by a group of armed sailors who came to his reception. It was difficult for him to put up with the new government. And in the eighth decade in the nature of his life the same indomitability, peculiar to him all his life. There were conflicts with him and with the former royal power. In 1916, he drove the Minister of the Interior A. D. Protopopov out of his house on Poklonnaya, although he knew that Protopopov could remove him with the help of secret agents under the guise of, say, robbery. (This was done at all times.) But the next day, at the request of the same Peter Alexandrovich, Elizaveta Fyodorovna went to apologize to Alexander Dmitrievich. At the same time, Badmayev said: “Give my apologies to my patient. Maybe he can come again. I can scold the minister, but I can't blame the patient ...”. Protopopov was ill with a serious hereditary disease, and was abandoned by European doctors.
In 1919 the grandfather, being imprisoned in the Chesme camp, gave a slap to the camp commandant for daring to call on him rudely and on "you." The commandant sent his grandfather for two days in a punishment cell - in a stone bag, where it was only possible to stand ankle-deep in icy water. After that, Pyotr Alexandrovich first fell ill with typhus, which raged in the camp. Then he was put in a prison infirmary, and the grandmother got the right to be with him. She was allowed. But Pyotr Aleksandrovich, who was loyal to herself, demanded that she should go to Foundry 16, where the reception room was, and receive the reception during the hours when patients were received.
Unrest for loved ones, prisons, interrogations undermined the health of Peter Alexandrovich. He could easily have avoided all the trouble if he had made an article in the newspaper loyal to the new government, or had accepted Japanese citizenship, as the Japanese ambassador had suggested to him and at the same time guaranteed unhindered departure from his family to Japan. But Pyotr Aleksandrovich did not want to leave Russia in the difficult hour of trials and drank the whole cup of frustration, a collapse of hopes.
He died at home, with his family in a small five-room house, which he left. (The estate on Poklonnaya was requisitioned for military needs). On a hot day of 1 in August 1920, my grandfather was buried in the Shkvalov cemetery. (The text of his will was published in Novyi mir, 1989, # 11.)
Dying, P.A. took the floor from his wife that even on the day of his death she would not have missed the reception of the sick and continued his work. Elizaveta Fedorovna Badmaeva fulfilled the covenant of her husband. From 1920 to 1937, she conducted a reception in the same grandfather's office, on Liteinoy 16, with the official permission of the Lengorzdravotdel.
I grew up in the house of my grandmother, who was standing near Poklonnaya Hill, where Peter Alexandrovich died. It was a log house under an iron roof on a high brick foundation. Adjacent to it was a garden with a pond. My childhood passed in this lilac garden. Before 1937, there was no particular harassment. True, the grandmother was twice summoned to the NKVD, offering to surrender "Badmayevsky gold." The grandmother took off her gold bracelet, stating that everything was withdrawn into the revolution. For the bracelet she was given a receipt.
Firefighters came - the inspector ordered to have a fire extinguisher, for the whole huge attic of the house was filled with dried herbs sent from Buryatia, from which Tibetan medicines were prepared. In the summer, Buryats came to us, the Mongols with a regular portion of herbs and minerals. In 1935 Mom graduated from 2-th Leningrad Medical Institute and received a diploma of doctor. She was familiar with the medical science of Tibet, but chose surgery. She worked at 29, the polyclinic of the Vyborg district of Leningrad. So we lived until 1937g. And then with the grandmother something happened that at that time happened in almost every family. She was arrested by troika on 8 years. She was sixty-eight. She was sent to the Karakalpak Gulag, where she spent two and a half years.
At the beginning of 1940. My mother has achieved a review of the case of EF Badmaeva. She was released and allowed to live freely in any provincial city. The city of Vyshny Volochek was elected, which is located half way between Leningrad and Moscow. We went there with my mother, rented a room in which my grandmother settled. At the beginning of 1941. she was allowed the so-called "hundred and first kilometer" from Leningrad. And she moved closer to Chudovo, where she was caught by the war.
Elizaveta Fyodorovna had to go through a lot before she, in 1946, after receiving a complete “forgiveness”, was brought by me to Leningrad. The last eight years of life was relatively calm, relatively, because until 1953, almost everyone living in our big, beautiful, and unhappy country thought when they went to bed: would they not come at night? We lived on the outskirts of the Vyborg side, a kilometer from the former summer cottage of my grandfather on Poklonnaya. In that white-stone cottage with the eastern turret was located the police station.
In 1930-s. Grandmother went to the Shuvalovskoye cemetery every Sunday and often took me. And we often found fresh flowers from Peter Alexandrovich's patients on the grave. After the war, I took my grandmother by the arm, and we drove to the grave of my grandfather, but we did not find any flowers there - the patients left, the time was gone, the war ...
Elizaveta Fedorovna Badmaeva died in the fall of 1954 at the age of 82. I think that the current edition of Badmaev's "Zhud - Shi" will mark the beginning of the popularization of the works of PA Badmaev.
At the present time (at the beginning of April 1990), the Research Center of Tibetan Medicine of Petr Badmaev was established, which aims to revive the medical school of P.A. Badmaev, as well as the publication of his works. In addition to the monumental work on the translation of Zhud-Shi ", he wrote works promoting Tibetan medicine, for example:" Response to the unfounded attacks of the members of the Medical Council on the medical science of Tibet "," Russia and China "and others. It is gratifying that these works of his are relevant and today, because, as scientists believe, they have an everlasting significance, while the very figure of Badmaev over the years attracts much attention of scientists, the public and, of course, people suffering from ailments.
In the middle of 1990, I was addressed by Igor Borisovich Uskov, director of the Leningrad Agrophysical Institute of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences with an interesting proposal: to grow the herbs necessary for the manufacture of Tibetan medicines in the North-West. (Usually, our expedition collected herbs and roots in the Aginskaya steppe of Transbaikalia.) I. B. Uskov said that, according to his institute, located on Lake Ladoga Lake, the island of Waalam stands on a granite basis and has a unique microclimate characterized by a long frost-free period and sufficient rainfall. And it is not by chance that before the revolution, the monastery that existed on the island of Vaalam had a pharmacy of medicinal herbs. It is on island systems remote from industrial centers that environmentally friendly plants can be grown. As a result of the negotiations, the Agrophysical Institute and the large Leningrad Hospital No. XXUMX became the founders of a small enterprise of Tibetan medicine and the cultivation of medicinal plants to them. P. A. Badmaeva. The Executive Committee of the Kalinin District Council of Leningrad registered a new enterprise.
The case of Peter Badmaeva continues.
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