Advances in nanotechnology make it possible to synthesize such chemical compounds, the production of which with the help of classical chemical reactions is either completely impossible or very problematic. Thus, modern scientists have created a priority direction in nanotechnology, with the help of which carboxylates of food acids have been obtained even for such few precious metals as gold and silver (citrates, succinates and ascorbates of silver and gold), and extremely chemically pure carboxylates of basic food acids biogenic metals (zinc, magnesium, manganese, gland, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, etc.). Separately, it should be noted the receipt in the form of citrate such an important trace element as zinc. Deficiency of this microelement in the population's nutrition is exacerbated every year, directly threatening the health of the population of various countries, especially children, and has already become a matter of concern for international medical and public organizations. Nanotechnology made it possible to obtain zinc citrate with extremely high chemical purity (99,98%) and bioavailability (10 times more than in inorganic compounds). The preparation of these carboxylates is based, first of all, on the unique possibilities of electroimpulse aquanotechnology to produce pure and very active reaction metal nanoparticles. Since nanotechnologies were directly used in the preparation of these carboxylates, they were named "Nanocarboxylates".
The preparation of "nanocarboxylates" is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, an aqueous colloidal solution of micronutrient nanoparticles is obtained by means of electroimpulse aquanotechnology. Unique in terms of the complex of factors, the possibilities of electropulse nanotechnology are due, first of all, to the basing of this nanotechnology on a new physical phenomenon of energy self-concentration in local microvolumes of a conductor that is placed in an elastic cavitation medium and which is in an electrical circuit with discharge gaps. Having their own characteristic features, a new physical phenomenon of self-concentration of energy manifests itself, in particular, through a sequence of known physical effects that are among themselves in the cause-effect relationship - the result of the manifestation of a new physical phenomenon, namely:
- explosive electron emission from local parts of the surface of metallic granules (Acton Academician GA Mesyats)
- shock compression of local metal volumes in the near-surface layers of metallic granules;
- polymorphic transition (recrystallization) of local volumes of metal in near-surface layers of metallic granules;
- explosion of local volumes of metal in the near-surface layers of metallic granules;
- sublimation of local volumes of metal flows out of metal granules;
- electroerosion of local parts of surface layers of metallic granules;
- cavitation over the entire volume of a dielectric liquid containing metallic granules;
- sonoluminescence over the entire volume of a dielectric liquid containing metallic granules;
The most important feature of electroimpulse nanotechnology, based on the combination of the above-mentioned physical phenomena, is the possibility of obtaining nanoparticles with its help in both amorphous and crystalline states with a surface electric charge with a minus sign. Such nanoparticles differ in comparison with the ultrahigh activity obtained by other methods. Practically such nanoparticles are obtained by erosion-explosive dispersion of the surface of metallic granules in a dielectric liquid, for example, in deionized water. When pulses of electric current pass through the chains of metal granules, in which the energy of the pulses exceeds the sublimation energy of the evaporated metal, sparks arise in contact points of the metallic granules with which explosive dispersion of the metal takes place. Molten flying nanoparticles have a spherical shape and are rapidly cooled in a liquid with fixation of the amorphous state of the surface and near-surface layer, which adds new physical properties to nanoparticles.
The crystalline and amorphous state of the body is distinguished by its physical properties, such as solubility, melting point, hardness, specific gravity. The bodies in the amorphous state have lower melting points, less specific gravity and less hardness, they are more readily soluble and accessible to the action of chemical agents.
Surface electric charge with a minus sign arises in the process of erosion-explosive dispersion of the surface of metal granules by electrical discharges in a dielectric liquid. This is due to the phenomenon of electron emission that occurs when explosions of local parts of metal granules, where fresh surfaces are formed, which have the property of releasing the flow of electrons. Electron emission is the result of high charge density of newly formed surfaces. When the surfaces are separated during the destruction of the material of metal granules, the dissimilar charges are separated, which leads to the formation of an electric field in the discontinuity regions of the substance up to 10 at the seventh power of V / cm. Such an electric field tears electrons from the surface of the material. In general, the physical phenomenon of electron emission leads to the fact that nanoparticles, being in the streams of electrons, acquire a surface electric charge with a minus sign. The surface electric charge of nanoparticles in high-power electron fluxes is proportional to the size of the nanoparticles, since nanoparticles of different sizes receive a charge in electron fluxes of approximately the same density. In addition, the spherical shape of the nanoparticles makes it possible to obtain a high and uniform electric charge on their surface during electrification.
After obtaining highly active nanoparticles in the second stage, nanocarboxylates are obtained as a consequence of the reaction of direct interaction of these nanoparticles with the edible carboxylic acid. Since no other substances are included in the reagents, nanoparticles are fully involved in the chemical reaction of formation of carboxylic acid salts, as a result of which a product of high chemical purity is formed and, most importantly, does not contain reactive nanoparticles. Enrichment of food products with microelements in the form of bound compounds - nanocarboxylates, rather than free nanoparticles of these metals, removes one of the most important and, in our opinion, fully justified problems, which is intensively discussed - possible risks to human health when using highly reactive foods and little controlled nanoparticles, whose properties are constantly changing over time and changing the environment.
With the simultaneous use of several nanocarboxylates of food acids of biogenic metals, new opportunities arise for complex enrichment of food products with microelements. Such microelement complexes can be used to enrich various food products. Biogenic metals from such complexes are quickly and efficiently assimilated by living organisms as vital microelements. This increases the biological value of food and dietary density of the diet.
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