section Medicinal Mushrooms
Latin name: Ganoderma lucidum.
Japanese: Mannentake;
English: Reishi;
Chinese: Lin Ms. Lin Chi;
Vietnamese: Ling Zi;
Russian: Lingzhi mushroom; sacred mushroom.
Reishi (Ganoderma) - "mushroom of immortality" in China, it belongs to the most important medicinal plants, returns youth and prolonging life. According to ancient sources, this fungus was named means "giving eternal youth" or "divine herb" and is used only by emperors and wealthy aristocrats. It was believed that performance it surpasses the famous ginseng. In traditional Chinese medicine the fungus is considered to be a wonderful tool for many diseases, and very expensive because of the very rare dissemination of its nature.
Ganoderma is used in medicine:
- Treatment malignancies (Cancer, sarcoma, melanoma, and others.) - A part of the so-called "Mushroom triad";
- Treatment of benign tumors (polyps, cysts, pituitary adenomas and al.);
- diseases light (Chronic bronchitis, chronic pneumonia);
- Treatment allergic and autoimmune processes (atopic dermatitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, polynosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and others.);
- diseases Cardiovascular system (heart attack, stroke, hypertension);
- Part of the method of treatment of diabetes 1-2-th and second types (hypoglycemic effect).
The chemical composition of the drug:steroidal compounds, flavonoids saponins, amino acids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, water-soluble proteins, coumarins, trace elements: Ag, Ca, Fe, K, Na, Mn, Zn, Ba.
Pharmachologic effect: Ganoderma increases the body's resistance to various diseases, has a calming effect on the central nervous system, relieves pain, has an antitussive and expectorant effect, promotes relaxation of smooth muscles in the bronchi and intestines, improves and strengthens the heart, lowers blood cholesterol and blood pressure, increases Nonspecific immunity, improves liver function. It has tonic properties, significantly activates the function of T-lymphocytes, increases the number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood, has an interferon-like effect. Helps improve the state of the endocrine system in nodular goiter and mastopathy. As a result of the consumption of fungi in the blood, components are produced that provide an antiplatelet effect.
Ganoderma - the tree fungus called mushroom longevity. Its history dates back to the second millennium BC. Find Reishi in the wild - a great success, and all because of the fact that disputes of this fungus is very rough, tough, clinging to any tree bark, but can only grow to a certain temperature and a wild plum, and not on each. As stated by the famous physician Ibn Sina of 10000 wild plums only ten accustomed Reishi.
Indeed, ganoderma - mushroom is incredibly capricious, and it was very difficult to find it in the wild, and as its healing properties were incredibly valued, it was also expensive. A lucky collector of medicinal mushrooms, having only once attacked the mycelium, could have lived comfortably for many years, keeping his tree secret, since every year he harvested a crop from it and sold it to Chinese court doctors. The secret of cultivation was discovered only in 1972, when the Japanese farmer managed to isolate the culture of the fungus and grow the first Reishi on the "mushroom farm". Since then, these fungi have been grown to produce medicines.
The healing properties of Ganoderma: More than two thousand years ago in Japan was published invaluable book "Shinnoh Honsohkyo", it is the original textbook of Oriental medicine. This reference mentions 365 kinds of herbs and fungi, which are not only classified and explained. Drugs are classified mainly into three categories: 120 - «superior" medicines, even 120 - «average» and 125 referred to "fair" category.
"Superior" medicines are called "Plants of God", they are for youth and longevity. This is the medicine of the legendary wizards. "Medium" drugs are defined as tonic. The "fair" category includes herbs and mushrooms that have properties to treat certain diseases. Among the "superior" drugs listed in the text, the Reishi was numbered one. Centuries ago, scientists of the Aesculapius believed, were a means that could ensure eternal youth and longevity. At the same time it was claimed that this is the most valuable remedy for tumors of any kind. Always inconsolable relatives of oncological patients, whom doctors rendered a "death sentence", were looking for this mushroom, since this was the only way of salvation.
Medicinal properties Reishi
In Japan and China, Reishi extract is used in virtually all diseases, but each disease has its own method of dosing.
Ganoderma has several medicinal properties.
The first - to treat allergic and autoimmune diseases. In the study of the chemical composition of the American Cancer Institute was made a surprising discovery: found polysaccharide named Lanostan - a substance inhibits the production of antibodies.
Now in America, conducting research on the synthesis lanostana as a reliable cure for allergies, quite distinct from the action of antihistamines, only for a while hindering the development of allergic reactions, or hormones that have serious side effects. Allergy treatment using Reishi - a lengthy process (takes the time 1-2 years), but a reliable and effective and do not cause any side effects! Chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma, atopic dermatitis and other allergic diseases - are successfully treated by this fungus.
According to clinical studies, the clinic Goro Chiharu - 60% of patients with allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract are cured, even if it is already used to the hormonal treatment. The polysaccharide Lanostan successfully works in autoimmune diseases, causing long-term remission (these mushrooms prevent the formation of plaques in multiple sclerosis, suppress Le-cells in systemic lupus erythematosus, slows leaching of protein at amyotrophy, etc.).
Second - ganoderma successfully treats cardiovascular diseases. The results of the research in the All-Union Cardiological Center were very significant: after 5 hours after taking the preparations from the Reishi mushrooms, the cholesterol level dropped! In addition, a steady decrease in pressure occurred after 14 days. This effect was confirmed in clinical studies. Therefore, the use of this drug is directly shown in the recovery period after a heart attack and stroke. It has been published that the relevant components from the Reishi extract can stabilize the blood pressure level to normal, while controlling both increased and low blood pressure. Terpenoids such as ganoderic acid B, D, F, H, K, S, Y together with ganoderal A and ganoderol A and B have been found to act as an inhibitor of the angiotensin converting enzyme 1. The hypotensive effect of peptidoglncan and fucofructoglucan has also been established.
Third - any treatment of pulmonary diseases. Of course, the treatment with this fungus - a lengthy process, but effective and does not cause any side effects. In one study, 2000 Chinese with chronic bronchitis during 2-weeks taking syrup from a fungus. 60-90% of them noted a significant improvement in health.
Fourth - Reishi also treats epilepsy. It is his rare quality was noted in 17 century, when by these mushrooms was cured "epilepsy," the heir of the Mikado.
Fifth - tonic, and immunomodulating effect, which is associated with the cell wall polysaccharide Reyshi-? -D-Glucan, referred ganoderanom, as well as chitin, which affect all forms of immunocytes: on phagocytes to activation of their absorption and metabolic activity for the normalization of functional activity of T-lymphocytes, normalizing the level of normal antibodies in blood and to reduce the level of circulating immune complexes.
Experimental studies on the effect of fungal extract on the processes of oxidative phosphorylation in the case of combined exposure to single ionizing radiation and poisoning with salts of heavy metals of cadmium and lead made it possible to conclude that the fungus extract has the properties of increasing the ability to work in the experiment, normalizes the raised level of arterial pressure in irradiated and poisoned salts Heavy metals of animals, stimulates oxidation processes in the mitochondria of the liver, increases activity Of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase of the liver and brain of intact and irradiated rats. The therapeutic effectiveness of the use of the Mushroom extract in relation to the morphological changes in the brain, liver, lungs and myocardium irradiated in a dose of 0,5 Gy and poisoned with lead or cadmium rats was also revealed.
The effect of the extract of the ganoderma fungus on the production of interferon was studied in studies conducted at the All-Union Cancer Research Center of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences in the laboratory of biological modifiers and antitumor immunity under the direction of Dr. med. Kupina V.I. At the end of 80-ies. A comparison of the immunomodulatory effect of herbal preparations in vitro and in vivo was performed in BALB / c mice at the age of 8-12 weeks. One of the drugs studied was a mushroom produced by the DPRK. The preparations were diluted in 0.9% saline and used in concentrations of 0.01 and 1.0 mg / ml. The preparations were administered to mice according to 1.0 ml intraperitoneally. Blood to receive serum was taken through 24 and 72 hours. Interferon titration was carried out by delaying the diffuse cytopathic effect caused by the vesicular stomatitis virus in the 24-hour culture of L-929.
Ganoderma drug significantly increased the level of IFN in the serum of mice 24-hour exposure to a high concentration.
Influenced glucans occurs as stimulation of leucopoiesis and neutrophil phagocytosis (G.E.Arkadeva, MA Kashkina, 1985), an increase in antibody titer in the primary and secondary response in mice immunized with SRBC (WR, Di Luzio NR. 1985), and increase resistance to infection. Steven M, Williams D., Di Luzio NR., (1985) found that pre-treatment with glucan dramatically increases resistance to intravenous infection of S. Aureus is not only intact mice, but mice with leukemia or tsiklofosfanindutsirovannoy immunosuppression.
Reduced immunosuppressive effect of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of various acute and chronic inflammatory diseases in general surgery, gynecology, urology, proctology et al., At the same time there has been increasing the effectiveness of specific treatment and reduced toxicity.
Sixth, and most important feature - a strong anti-tumor effect. When taking the drug is any regression of tumors and benign and malignant. In this case, Reishi are assigned one of the components of treatment of so-called "Mushroom triad."
Home immunopharmacological product characteristics evident in his constant T kletochnozavisimoy immunomodulation and operate it as a factor contributing to the maturation of lymphoid cells. Ganoderan mushroom induction phase acts as the formation of T-killer cells, accelerating the differentiation of precursor T-killer cells into mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).
Relatively examining drug Reishi in cancer patients in vitro for example breast cancer and melanoma was observed that the T-helper cells stimulated in most cases, T-suppressor decreased or remained unchanged, NK cell activity was increased in all tests. B - cells were stimulated humoral immunity under the influence of the drug.
Based on the high correlation between the effect Ganoderana stimulating macrophages and the ability to run in a cage alternative pathway of complement activation, occurs after endocytosis Ganoderanu withdrawn leading role in macrophage activation and induction of cytotoxicity (absorbency, digesting and chemotactic activity) against various tumor target cells . (Hamuro G., 1980, Seljelid R. 1981).
Based on the studies done, it is concluded that Reishi is able to strengthen the weak, weaken the strong, and leave unchanged the normal response of the immune system. Restricted clinical trials of dry extract of Reishi were performed in the department of abdominal surgery of KGOB with combined treatment of 50 patients with colorectal cancer II-III stage during 2 weeks before and after performing radical surgery. It is shown that the capsules of the preparation, even in small doses, improved the quality of life of patients, positively influencing mood and activity, reducing the feeling of fatigue, normalizing sleep and indices of arterial hypertension. Further study of the drug in clinical conditions showed an improvement in the clinical well-being of patients. They better tolerate courses of chemotherapy and radiation. They do not have a marked decrease in leukocytes or immunological parameters; therefore, among the many therapeutic methods known at the present time, antitumor polysaccharides can be viewed not simply as one of the many components that make up a complex of therapeutic measures, but as one of the most powerful physiologically active substances capable of Strengthen the mechanism of antitumor resistance of the body. Extract of the fungus can be considered as a kind of T-helper, able to restore suppression of immune reactions to normal values. It is noted that after a monthly intake of Reishi mushrooms and normalization of immune system indices, these indicators were kept at a sufficiently high level in comparison with the initial ones during the year.
Seventh - almost mystical properties of the fungus is its ability to increase the power of the spirit, enhance positive emotional state.
Eighth - hypoglycemic effect in diabetes. Compounds which reduce blood sugar levels are polysaccharides, ganoderan A, B and C, isolated from the fungus Reishi and protein compounds. It was further found that the respective extracts from Reishi polysaccharide in an alkaline solution and exhibit gipoglikemichekim action.
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